Quit the Vim

Vim Forks and Neovim

Creating a file

$ vim <enter>
$ vim filename
$ vim directory/filename

Vim modes

• normal mode: Vim starts in this mode. Esc is used to enter it. :h Normal-mode🐠
• insert mode: used to add text to the editor; it can be entered with one of the insert commands :h Insert-mode🐠
• replace mode: used to replace existing text by typing over it directly; it can be entered with R :h Replace-mode🐠
• visual mode: used to select an area of text. Character-wise selection can be made with v, line-wise selection with V, and block-wise selection with C-v :h Visual-mode🐠
• command mode: used to enter Ex commands; it can be entered with :, and commands require pressing the Enter key. Example: :w <enter> :h Cmdline-mode🐠

General

$ vimtutor Official tutorial of Vim

:h user-manual
:h help-summary On usage of built-in documentation
:h subject help about the *subject*. Ex: `:h python` (C-] to click hyperlinks, C-T to back)

:q quit
:w write
:saveas filename save as
:wa write all the changes
:wa[!] force Vim write all the changes
:wq write and quit
:x update and quit
:wqa write quit all
:q! if file is changed and not supposed to saved, quit

u undo example: 4u
C-r redo (push Ctrl button then r)
U Undo all line

s=seconds, m=minute, h=hour, d=day
:earlier #m turn back # minute ago of the file Ex: :earlier 2m or :ea 3d
:later #m turn back # minute later state of the file Ex: :later 7s or :lat 9h

y yank, copy
yy yank all line
p paste to below of cursor
P Paste to above of the cursor
c change, change the selected area
. repeat latest command

:term start a terminal session inside vim, more at `:h terminal`
:!<cmd> execute <cmd> commands without leaving Vim Ex: `!g++ -wall -std=c++14 main.cpp`, `!ruby %`
:sh go to shell, return by `exit`
$C-z send vim to background, return by $fg

Moving around

k
h cursor left ^
j cursor down h < > l
l cursor right v
k cursor up j

0 beginning of line
$ end of line

w jump to first character of next word
e jump to last character of the current word
b jump to first character of the current word

H jump to *top* of the screen
M jump to *middle* of the screen
L jump to *lower* of the screen

C-b jump a full screen size up
C-f jump a full screen size down
C-u jump half screen size up
C-d jump half screen size down

z<enter> redraw, cursor on the top of window, and put cursor at first non-blank in the line
zt like above but leave the cursor in the same column

z- redraw, cursor on the bottom of window, and put cursor at first non-blank in the line
zb like above but leave the cursor in the same column

z. redraw, cursor on the center of window, and put cursor at first non-blank in the line
zz like above but leave the cursor in the same column

w jump beginning of next word (punctuation considered as a word)
e jump end of the word
ge jump end of the previous word
b jump beginning of the previous word
^ jump to first non space character on line
gg top of the file
G bottom of the file
+ beginning of the next line
- beginning of the previous line

W jump beginning of the next word (punctuation not considered words) v v
E jump end of the next word (punctuation is not considered part of a word) Ex: e (abcd) E (abcd)
B jump beginning of the previous word
#G go to line number # Ex: 38G
#gg same as #G

gg
                 ?
                C-b
                 H
                 {
                 k
^ F T ( b ge h       l w e ) t f $
                 j
                 }
                 L
                C-f
                 /
                 G

Entering insert mode

/~~~~~~~~~~~~\
                           |command mode|
                           \~~~~~~~~~~~~/
                           |           |
                           ^ :/        v Esc Esc
                           |           |
 /~~~~~~~~~~~~\----Esc---->/~~~~~~~~~~~\<---Esc------/~~~~~~~~~~~\
 |replace mode|            |normal mode|             |insert mode|
 \~~~~~~~~~~~~/<----R------\~~~~~~~~~~~/--aAiIoOsS-->\~~~~~~~~~~~/
                           |           |
                           v vV        ^ Esc
                           |           |
                           /~~~~~~~~~~~\
                           |visual mode|
                           \~~~~~~~~~~~/

i insert text before cursor
I insert text to start of the line
a append after cursor
A append text to end of line
o make newline below to current line and insert text
O make newline above to current line and insert text
s delete character under cursor and enter insert mode
S delete all line and enter insert mode
cc same as above
cw change from cursor position to start of the next word

S-r enters [replace mode](#replace-mode), change text in place

Working more than one file

C-ws split current window horizontally (alternative :split)
C-wv split current window vertically (alternative :vsplit)
C-ww jump to next window

C-w h jump from current window to window on the left
C-w j jump from current window to window on below
C-w k jump from current window to window on above
C-w l jump from current window to window on left
C-w t jump to top most left window
C-w b jump to bottom most right window

C-wq close current window
:close same as above
:only close windows other than current

C-w#< resize current window to the left # of times (default 1)
C-w#> resize current window to the right # of times (default 1)
:res # resize a horizontally split window # of times

C-wH move current window to the far left
C-wJ move current window to the very bottom
C-wK move current window to the very top
C-wL move current window to the far right

$vim --help for a list of Vim parameters `h vim-arguments`:tropical_fish:

$ vim -O2 f1.txt f2.txt opens f1.txt and f2.txt in vertically split windows
$ vim -o2 f1.txt f2.txt opens them in horizontally split windows
$ vim -P2 f1.txt f2.txt like above but on tab pages

$ vim f1.txt f2.txt open the files but show only one at a time (navigate with :next and :prev)

using tab pages

:tabedit filename edit specified file in a new tab
:tabfind filename open a new tab with filename given, searching the 'path' to find it

:tabn next tab
:tabp previous tab
:tabfirst first tab
:tablast last tab

:tabm {i} move current tab to i+1 place

:tabclose i close tab i
:tabclose close current tab
:tabonly close other tabs but current

:tabs list tabs

Repeating commands without repeating yourself

c3w or 3cw, cw cw cw
4j jjjj
2w w w, go to the beginning of the next 2 words
2dd delete 2 lines

repeating more than one command by recording

1. start recording with q and choose a register to record on. Ex: qa
2. exit from recording with Esc.
3. apply what you record with @<reg> Ex: @a

q[a-z] start recording
@[a-z] apply record

Editing

x delete the character under the cursor
X delete the character before the cursor
dw delete word from cursor position to start of the next word(punctuation considered as a word)
dW delete Word from cursor position to start of the next word
d^ delete from first non-whitespace character to end of line (inclusively)
d$ delete till end of the line
D same as above
dd delete all line
dib delete content inside the parentheses

r<c> change the character under the cursor to <c>

* find next word under cursor
f<c> find character <c> from current cursor position inside the line
'. jump to last edited line
g; jump back to the last edited position

:ab sth something in insert mode, when written 'sth'<space> change it with 'something'

:g/^#/d delete all the lines start with #
:g/^$/d delete all the empty lines

find and change

:s/old/new change first 'old' with 'new' on the current line
:s/old/new/g change all 'old' with 'new' on the current line
:s/old/new/gc change all 'old' with 'new' on the current line but before ask for permission

:#,#s/old/new/g change all 'old' with 'new' between the lines # and #
:%s/old/new/g change all 'old' with 'new' on the current file
:%s/old/new/gc change all 'old' with 'new' on the current file but before ask for permission

Some frequently used commands

yyp copy line and paste to below
yyP copy line and paste to above
ddp swap current line with the below
ea add end of the word
xp exchange two chacter Ex: sometihng -> something
dgg delete from current line to beginning of the file

Configure

dotfiles and .vimrc

mapping

map shortcut longCommands

• to work in normal mode nmap
• to work in insert mode imap
• to work in visual mode xmap

nmap m <C-d> "in normal mode: when typed m, ctrl-d (half page below) will be executed
imap jk <ESC> "in insert mode, when jk is typed, switch to normal mode

• for normal mode nnoremap
• for insert mode inoremap
• for visual mode xnoremap

autocmd FileType cpp nnoremap <f5> :w <bar> !clang++ -stdlib=libc++ -fsyntax-only -std=c++1z % <cr>
autocmd FileType d nnoremap <f8> :call DTest()<cr>
autocmd FileType text nnoremap <C-s> :w <cr>

leader variable

Adding plugin

• Pathogen
• Vim8 packages :h packages🐠
• NeoBundle
• vim-plug
• dein.vim
• minpac
• VAM
• Vundle

adding plugin with vim-plug

$ curl -fLo ~/.vim/autoload/plug.vim --create-dirs \
 https://raw.githubusercontent.com/junegunn/vim-plug/master/plug.vim

call plug#begin()
" plugins
call plug#end()

call plug#begin()
Plug 'https://github.com/tpope/vim-sensible'
call plug#end()

call plug#begin()
Plug 'tpope/vim-sensible'
call plug#end()

Creating your own plugin

MyAwesomePlugin/
.
├── autoload Autoloaded functions according to filetype
├── doc Documentation file
├── ftdetect File type detection
├── ftplugin Plugin for a particular file type
├── plugin Plugin file
├── syntax Syntax highlighting
└── after
└── indent
└── compiler

Hello World plugin

helloworld/
.
├── autoload
│   └── greet.vim
├── plugin
   └── greet.vim

" plugin/greet.vim
if exists('g:loaded_greet')
 finish
endif
let g:loaded_greet = 1

command! Greet call greet#hello_world()

" autoload/greet.vim
function! greet#hello_world() abort
 echo "Hello World!!"
endfunction

Vim for programmers

An incomplete list of plugins

• vim-sensible

• coc.nvim
• LanguageClient-neovim
• vim-lsc
• YouCompleteMe
• deoplete.vim
• Neocomplete
• ncm2
• VimCompletesMe
• completor.vim
• vim-mucomplete

• Language Servers🔥

• syntastic
• ALE
• neomake

• Snimate
• ultisnips
• vim-snippets
• neosnippet.vim
• vim-minisnip

• vim-polyglot
• vim-go
• rust.vim
• vim-cpp-enhanced-highlight

• NERDTree
• promptline
• vim-airline
• powerline
• lightline

• vimcolors.com
• rainglow.io
• awesome-vim-colorschemes
• vim-devicons
• nerd-fonts
• ProgrammingFonts

• Surround
• Fugitive
• vim-commentary
• ctrlp
• vim-ctrlspace
• vim-capslock
• vim-repeat
• NrrwRgn
• vim-obsession
• vim-gutentags
• lite-dfm
• goyo.vim focus on content
• limelight.vim partially highlight

Links

sites

• Vim.org
• Vim Repo
• gvim appimages
• neovim.io
• neovim nightly builds
• vimawesome.com Vim plugins
• dotfiles.github.io
• yet another dotfile manager

books

• Practical Vim: Edit Text at the Speed of Though by Drew Neil
  1
• Modern Vim by Drew Neil
• Learning Vi and Vim Editors by Arnold Robbins, Elbert Hannah
• The VimL Primer: Edit Like a Pro with Vim Plugins and Scripts by Benjamin Klein
• Mastering Vim: Build a software development environment with Vim and Neovim by Ruslan Osipov
  2
• A Byte of Vim (Online Book)

cheatsheets

• http://www.worldtimzone.com/res/vi.html
• http://www.fprintf.net/vimCheatSheet.html
• https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Vim
• http://www.fprintf.net/vimCheatSheet.html
• https://devhints.io/vimscript

Building Vim from source code

$ sudo ./configure --enable-fail-if-missing \
--disable-darwin \
--disable-smack \
--disable-selinux \
--enable-luainterp=yes \
--with-python3-command=python3interp \
--enable-python3interp=yes \
--with-python3-config-dir=/usr/lib/python3.5/config-3.5m-x86_64-linux-gnu \
--enable-cscope \
--disable-netbeans \
--enable-terminal \
--enable-autoservername \
--enable-multibyte \
--disable-rightleft \
--disable-arabic \
--disable-farsi \
--enable-fontset \
--enable-gui=no \
--enable-gtk2-check=no \
--enable-gtk3-check=no \
--enable-athena-check=no \
--enable-nextaw-check=no \
--enable-carbon-check=no \
--disable-gtktest \
--with-compiledby=p1v0t