Summary: in my experience Go is a good language for building websites/web servers.
It’s easy to get excited about new technology like Go. The question is: how does it stand up to scrutiny after daily use?
I’ve written 4 web applications in Go, they’ve been running in production for several months so I feel justified in publishing my opinion.
In the past I wrote web applications in Perl, PHP, Python (web.py, Tornado, App Engine) so those are the technologies I compare Go to.
Of the 4 websites,
AppTranslator is a web service for crowd-sourcing translations for software. It was written completely from scratch.
QuickNotes is a note-taking application. Also written from scratch.
Fofou is a simple forum. It is a port of an earlier version I did in Python for App Engine. Finally,
this web site is a blog engine (also a port of an earlier App Engine version in Python).
One reason to migrate from App Engine to my own server was to save money. At my levels of traffic (~3 requests per second) I was paying ~$80/month, mostly for frontend instance hours.
Another reason was to do more complex processing. App Engine is great but being a fully managed service, it limits what you can do.
Finally, I wanted to see how Go will handle a real project.
I used to run them all on a single $60/month
Kimsufi 24 dedicated server but now I’m deploying to
render.com.
Things you need for building a web application
What functionality is typically needed for writing a web application and how does Go support it?
Http server
A very fast http server is part of standard library (package
net/http).
It parses incoming http requests and provides a way to send http responses back.
It supports http/2 out of the box.
Url routing
High-level web frameworks provide url routing i.e. a way to say “call this function to handle this url”. Go has a built-in simple router. I also use
mux, which is built on top of the built-in router.
Templates
A lot of what web server does is returning html which is greatly simplified by using templates. Go has a powerful
html/template library for that. It’s roughly equivalent of Django or Tornado templates from Python world.
There are other templating libraries for Go but I found html/template good enough for my needs so I didn’t try the alternatives.
Cookies
To generate cookies that cannot be spoofed or hi-jacked, I used
securecookie library
Databases
Oauth
There are three oauth libraries that I know of. I used
garyburd/go-oauth and
golang/oauth. They both work and I implemented login via Twitter, GitHub and Google.
One cannot respect a blog engine that doesn’t provide full-text rss feed. I couldn’t find an existing package so I build a simple (and small) library for
generating atom feedsJSON and XML support
Go has a built-in support for
JSON and
XML.
Modern web application are often implemented as JSON API server on the backend and Single Page Application on the front-end that generates HTML based on JSON returned from the server.
Returning JSON responses based on data from Go structs is very easy.
S3 access, support for zip files
This one is not universally needed. My web apps do backups by uploading data to s3, often as .zip archives.
Go has support for creating and decompressing zip and tar archives in the standard library. For s3 support I use
official AWS SDK.
Unit tests
Deployment
Deploying a new version of your code to the server is a pain in the ass regardless of the language used. Go makes it relatively easy.
I test my code locally on Mac and deploy to Linux-based server.
Thanks to Go’s support for cross-compilation I can build a Linux binary on mac.
In the past I would copy the binary and other necessary files to Linux server using Fabric or Ansible scripts.
Those days I package them as Docker containers and deploy them using simple shell scripts.
Being able quickly deploy new versions is crucial for productivity. For that reason I write deploy scripts early in the process.
Server configuration and other thoughts
In the past I would run multiple services on a single Linux server, using nginx to multiplex.
Those days I use a single server for each program. That makes setup and deployment simpler (no need for nginx anymore).
Show me the code
The source for all three projects is publicly available on Github, using liberal BSD license:
App Translator,
Fofou,
blogFeel free to learn from the code or use it in your own projects.
Parting thoughts
I think writing non-trivial web services is a sweet spot for Go.
Most of the needed functionality is part of standard library and 3rd party libraries are plentiful for more esoteric functionality.
Writing in Go is almost as fast and fluent as writing in Python but the code is order of magnitude faster and uses less memory.
Learn more about Go
To learn more about Go: